Another Pupcake Idea

Here's another cute pupcake idea!  (Carob frosting and fondant Scotty cutouts).

Pupcake Idea

Check out this link to learn the step by step process of making these cute pupcakes.

How to Read a Recipe:

Recipe Ingredients: Most recipes start with the ingredient list which is organized in the order each ingredient is used. Before you start baking your recipe, read it all the way through carefully & make sure you have all of the appropriate quantities of each ingredient.


Recipe Measurements:  Measurements in recipes are critical, be sure to put the correct amount into the mix. Here are some abreviations you'll need to know:
 

t = tsp. = teaspoon

T = Tbs. = Tablespoon

fl = fluid

oz = ounce

pkg = package

pt = pint

qt = quart

gal = gallon

lb = pound

    Dry ingredients and liquid ingredients are measured using different sets of utensils. Use a liquid measuring cup which is usually glass for all liquid ingredients.  Use plastic measuring cups for dry ingredients.  You can use measuring spoons for both dry and wet ingredients. This is very important.    

   

    Occassionally recipes have instructions on how to measure the ingredients  (e.g. Packed Brown Sugar).  When ingredients are listed first, followed by a comma and then a description (e.g. "Nuts, Chopped")  you measure the nuts before chopping them.  If the ingredient is listed along with the description (e.g. "Chopped Nuts"), you chop the nuts before measuring them.

Recipe Instructions:  The third section of a recipe includes the instructions.  It's important to follow the order and details of the instructions.

Here are some common terms you'll need to know:

Soften Butter: it's best to set the butter out 1 hour before baking.  If you put it in the microwave, it may melt which will create little air holes and will alter the texture and rise of the baked goods.
Grease Pan: Coat pans with a thin layer of shortening, butter or non-stick cooking spray.  Surface should be shiny but shortening or butter not visible.
Cream: Push shortening and sugar together with a spoon.  You should still be able to see both the sugar and the butter. This builds small air pockets.
Blend: Mix ingredients together (with or without a blender) until items are completely combined and you can not see distinct ingredients.
Sift: Use a sieve to remove lumps in the ingredients and blend them together. 


View this link to see a recipe example.

Measurement Equivalents:

1 dash = 1/4 teaspoon or less

1 pinch = 1/8 teaspoon or less

3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon

4 tablespoons = 1/4 cup

5 1/3 tablespoons = 1/3 cup

8 tablespoons = 1/2 cup

10 2/3 tablespoons = 2/3 cup

12 tablespoons = 3/4 cup

16 tablespoons = 1 cup

1 tablespoon = 1/2 fluid oz.

1 cup = 8 fluid oz.

1 cup = 1/2 pint

2 cups = 1 pint

4 cups = 1 quart

2 pints = 1 quart

4 quarts = 1 gallon

View this link for more information on measurement equivalents.

Common Food Allergies in Dogs:

First of all, it’s important to note that food allergies differ from food intolerances.  Food allergies typically cause skin irritation which results in itching and scratching; whereas, food intolerances can result in vomiting and diarrhea.  10% of dog allergies are from food.  It is the third most common cause of allergies in dogs.

Allergies generally show up between 5-12 mo. of age, and there is no correlation between breeds and a specific allergy.   Studies show that intact animals are affected equally.

Common allergens include:

• Beef
• Dairy Products
• Chicken
• Lamb
• Fish
• Eggs
• Corn
• Wheat
• Soy

To read more about Pet Allergies, please view this Pet Education article.